(The Iliad) | ||||
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The war continued without decisive results for nine years. Then an event occurred which seemed likely to be fatal to the cause of the Greeks, and that was a quarrel between Achilles and Agamemnon. It is at this point that the great poem of Homer, "The Iliad," begins. The Greeks, though unsuccessful against Troy, had taken the neighbouring and allied cities, and in the division of the spoil a female captive, by name Chryseis, daughter of Chryses, priest of Apollo, had fallen to the share of Agamemnon. Chryses came bearing the sacred emblems of his office, and begged the release of his daughter. Agamemnon refused. Thereupon Chryses implored Apollo to afflict the Greeks till they should be forced to yield their prey. Apollo granted the prayer of his priest, and sent pestilence into the Grecian camp. |
전쟁은 결정적인 승패 없이 9년동안 계속되었다. 그러던 차에 그리스군에 있어서 치명적이라고도 할 만한 사건이 일어났다. 그것은 아킬레우스와 아가멤논 사이의 불화였다. 호메로스의 위대한 서사시 "일리아드"는 여기서부터 시작된다. 그리스군은 트로이아에 대해서는승리를 거두지 못하였으나, 그 이웃에 있는 동맹국을 공략하였다. 그리고 전리품을 나눌 때, 크리세이스라는 여자 포로가 아가멤논의 차지가 되었다. 포로 크리세이스는 아폴론의 사제 크리세스의 딸이었다. 그래서 크리세이스는 사제의 표지를 몸에 지니고 와서 딸을 방면해 주기를 간청했다. 아가멤논이 거절했으므로 크리세스는 자기의 딸을 내놓기까지는 그리스군을 괴롭히도록 아폴론에게 탄원했다. | |||
Then a council was called to deliberate how to allay the wrath of the gods and avert the plague. Achilles boldly charged their misfortunes upon Agamemnon as caused by his withholding Chryseis. Agamemnon, enraged, consented to relinquish his captive, but demanded that Achilles should yield to him in her stead Briseis, a maiden who had fallen to Achilles' share in the division of the spoil. Achilles submitted, but forthwith declared that he would take no further part in the war. He withdrew his forces from the general camp and openly avowed his intention of returning home to Greece. |
이리하여 신들의 분노를 가라앉히고 역병(疫病)을 피할 방책을 강구하기 위해 회의가 소집되었다. | |||
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The gods and goddesses interested themselves as much in this famous war as the parties themselves. It was well known to them that fate had decreed that Troy should fall, at last, if her enemies should persevere and not voluntarily abandon the enterprise. Yet there was room enough left for chance to excite by turns the hopes and fears of the powers above who took part with either side. Juno (Hera) and Minerva (Athena), in consequence of the slight put upon their charms by Paris, were hostile to the Trojans; Venus (Aphrodite) for the opposite cause favoured them. Venus enlisted her admirer Mars (Ares) on the same side, but Neptune (Poseidon) favoured the Greeks. Apollo was neutral, sometimes taking one side, sometimes the other, and Jove (Zeus) himself, though he loved the good King Priam, yet exercised a degree of impartiality; not, however, without exceptions. |
남녀 신들도 이 유명한 전쟁에 당사자들과 마찬가지로 관심을 가졌었다. 신들은 그리스군이지구전을 하고 자진하여 전쟁을 포기하지만 않으면 결국엔 트로이아가 패배할 운명이라는 것을 잘 알고 있었다. 그러나 양군에 각각 가담한 신들의 희망과 근심을 자극할 우연의 여지는 아직 남아 있었다. | |||
Thetis, the mother of Achilles, warmly resented the injury done to her son. She repaired immediately to Jove's palace and besought him to make the Greeks repent of their injustice to Achilles by granting success to the Trojan arms. Jupiter consented, and in the battle which ensued the Trojans were completely successful. The Greeks were driven from the field and took refuge in their ships. Then Agamemnon called a council of his wisest and bravest chiefs. Nestor advised that an embassy should be sent to Achilles to persuade him to return to the field; that Agamemnon should yield the maiden, the cause of the dispute, with ample gifts to atone for the wrong he had done. Agamemnon consented, and Ulysses (Odysseus), Ajax and Phoenix were sent to carry to Achilles the penitent message. They performed that duty, but Achilles was deaf to their entreaties. He positively refused to return to the field, and persisted in his resolution to embark for Greece without delay.
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아킬레우스의 어머니 테튀스는 자기의 아들에게 가해진 모욕에 몹시 노했다. 그래서 바로 제우스의 궁전으로 가서 트로이아군에게 승리를 줌으로써 그리스군으로 하여금 아킬레우스에게 가한 비행(非行)을 후회하도록 하여 주십사고 탄원했다. 그러자 제우스는 승낙했다. 그 다음 행해진 전투에서는 트로이아군이 크게 승낙했다. 그리스군은 싸움터에서 축출되어 배 안으로 퇴각했다. 그래서 아가멤논은 회의를 열어 가장 현명하고 용감한 무장들로부터 의견을 들었다. 네스토르는 아킬레우스에게 사절을 보내어 싸움터에 귀환하도록 설득할 것과, 아가멤논은 분쟁의 원인인 여인에게 그의 비행을 보상하기 위하여 선물을 많이 주어서 아킬레우스에게 돌려보내라고 충고했다. 아가멤논은 승낙하여, 오딧세우스와 아이아스와 포이닉스가 아킬레스에게 사죄사(謝罪使)로 파견되었다. 그들은 임무를 수행했다. 아킬레우스는 그들의 간청을 듣지 않았다. 그는 전장(戰場)으로 되돌아갈 것을 완강히 거부하고 지체없이 그리스로 배를 돌릴 것을 주장했다. | |||
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Ajax performed prodigies of valour, and at length encountered Hector. Ajax shouted defiance, to which Hector replied, and hurled his lance at the huge warrior. It was well aimed and struck Ajax, where the belts that bore his sword and shield crossed each other on the breast. The double guard prevented its penetrating and it fell harmless. Then Ajax, seizing a huge stone, one of those that served to prop the ships, hurled it at Hector. It struck him in the neck and stretched him on the plain. His followers instantly seized him and bore him off, stunned and wounded. |
아이아스는 여러가지 용감한 행위를 했으며, 마침내 헥토르와 대전하게 되었다. 아이아스가 소리내어 도전하자 헥토르는 이에 응답하여 거대한 무장인 아이아스에게 창을 던졌다. 그것은 잘 겨냥되어 아이아스의 칼을 맨 띠와 방패를 맨 띠가 그의 가슴에서 십자형으로 교차된 곳을 맞혔다. 그러나 칼과 방패가 창이 관통하는 것을 막았기 때문에 아무 부상도 입히지 못하고 땅에 떨어졌다. 이에 아이아스는 큰 돌-이것은 배를 버티어 두는 돌이었다-을 집어들고 헥토르를 향해 던졌다. 돌은 헥토르의 목에 맞아서 그를 땅에 넘어뜨렸다. 그의 부하들은 곧 그가 기절하고 부상당한 것을 알고서 물러갔다. | |||
While Neptune was thus aiding the Greeks and driving back the Trojans, Jupiter saw nothing of what was going on, for his attention had been drawn from the field by the wiles of Juno. That goddess had arrayed herself in all her charms, and to crown all had borrowed of Venus her girdle, called "Cestus," which had the effect to heighten the wearer's charms to such a degree that they were quite irresistible. So prepared, Juno went to join her husband, who sat on Olympus watching the battle. When he beheld her she looked so charming that the fondness of his early love revived, and, forgetting the contending armies and all other affairs of state, he thought only of her and let the battle go as it would. But this absorption did not continue long, and when, upon turning his eyes downward, he beheld Hector stretched on the plain almost lifeless from pain and bruises, he dismissed Juno in a rage, commanding her to send Iris and Apollo to him. When Iris came he sent her with a stern message to Neptune, ordering him instantly to quit the field. Apollo was despatched to heal Hector's bruises and to inspirit his heart. These orders were obeyed with such speed that, while the battle still raged, Hector returned to the field and Neptune betook himself to his own dominions. An arrow from Paris's bow wounded Machaon, son of AEsculapius, who inherited his father's art of healing, and was therefore of great value to the Greeks as their surgeon, besides being one of their bravest warriors. Nestor took Machaon in his chariot and conveyed him from the field. As they passed the ships of Achilles, that hero, looking out over the field, saw the chariot of Nestor and recognized the old chief, but could not discern who the wounded chief was. So calling Patroclus, his companion and dearest friend, he sent him to Nestor's tent to inquire. Patroclus, arriving at Nestor's tent, saw Machaon wounded, and having told the cause of his coming would have hastened away, but Nestor detained him, to tell him the extent of the Grecian calamities. He reminded him also how, at the time of departing for Troy, Achilles and himself had been charged by their respective fathers with different advice: Achilles to aspire to the highest pitch of glory, Patroclus, as the elder, to keep watch over his friend, and to guide his inexperience. "Now," said Nestor, "is the time for such influence. If the gods so please, thou mayest win him back to the common cause; but if not let him at least send his soldiers to the field, and come thou, Patroclus, clad in his armour, and perhaps the very sight of it may drive back the Trojans." Patroclus was strongly moved with this address, and hastened back to Achilles, revolving in his mind all he had seen and heard. He told the prince the sad condition of affairs at the camp of their late associates: Diomede, Ulysses, Agamemnon, Machaon, all wounded, the rampart broken down, the enemy among the ships preparing to burn them, and thus to cut off all means of return to Greece. While they spoke the flames burst forth from one of the ships. Achilles, at the sight, relented so far as to grant Patroclus his request to lead the Myrmidons (for so were Achilles' soldiers called) to the field, and to lend him his armour, that he might thereby strike more terror into the minds of the Trojans. Without delay the soldiers were marshalled, Patroclus put on the radiant armour and mounted the chariot of Achilles, and led forth the men ardent for battle. But before he went, Achilles strictly charged him that he should be content with repelling the foe. "Seek not," said he, "to press the Trojans without me, lest thou add still more to the disgrace already mine." Then exhorting the troops to do their best he dismissed them full of ardour to the fight.
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이같이 포세이돈이 그리스군을 원조하여 트로이아군을 물리치고 있을 동안에 제우스는 어떤 일이 일어나고 있는지 전혀 모르고 있었다. 왜냐하면 헤라의 간계에 의하여 그는 싸움에 대하여 주의하지 않았기 때문이었다. 헤라는 갖은 수단을 써서 매력적으로 몸을 꾸몄는데, 특히 케스토스라는 허리띠를 아프로디테로부터 빌린 것은 특기할 만하다. 왜냐하면 이 허리띠는 그것을 띠고 있는 자의 매력을 더할 수 없을 정도로 높이는 힘을 가지고 있었기 때문이다. 이렇게 몸을 꾸미고서 헤라는 올륌포스 산 위에 앉아서 전투를 내려다 보고 있던 남편 곁으로 갔다. 그가 그녀를 보았을 때, 그녀의 매력은 대단하였으므로, 지난날이 불타는 사랑이 다시 소생되었다. 그리고 그는 전쟁도, 그밖의 다른 국사도 잊어버리고 그녀만을 생각하고, 전쟁은 되는 대로 방치했던 것이다. | |||
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First those who had got possession of the ship and set it on fire left and allowed the Grecians to retake it and extinguish the flames. Then the rest of the Trojans fled in dismay. Ajax, Menelaus, and the two sons of Nestor performed prodigies of valour. Hector was forced to turn his horses' heads and retire from the enclosure, leaving his men entangled in the fosse to escape as they could. Patroclus drove them before him, slaying many, none daring to make a stand against him. At last Sarpedon, son of Jove, ventured to oppose himself in fight to Patroclus. Jupiter looked down upon him and would have snatched him from the fate which awaited him, but Juno hinted that if he did so it would induce all others of the inhabitants of heaven to interpose in like manner whenever any of their offspring were endangered; to which reason Jove yielded. Sarpedon threw his spear, but missed Patroclus, but Patroclus threw his with better success. It pierced Sarpedon's breast and he fell, and, calling to his friends to save his body from the foe, expired. Then a furious contest arose for the possession of the corpse. The Greeks succeeded and stripped Sarpedon of his armour; but Jove would not allow the remains of his son to be dishonoured, and by his command Apollo snatched from the midst of the combatants the body of Sarpedon and committed it to the care of the twin brothers Death and Sleep, by whom it was transported to Lycia, the native land of Sarpedon, where it received due funeral rites. Thus far Patroclus had succeeded to his utmost wish in repelling the Trojans and relieving his countrymen, but now came a change of fortune. Hector, borne in his chariot, confronted him. Patroclus threw a vast stone at Hector, which missed its aim, but smote Cebriones, the charioteer, and knocked him from the car. Hector leaped from the chariot to rescue his friend, and Patroclus also descended to complete his victory. Thus the two heroes met face to face. At this decisive moment the poet, as if reluctant to give Hector the glory, records that Phoebus (Apollo) took part against Patroclus. He struck the helmet from his head and the lance from his hand. At the same moment an obscure Trojan wounded him in the back, and Hector, pressing forward, pierced him with his spear. He fell mortally wounded.
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배를 점령하고 불을 지른 자들이 제일 먼저 달아났으므로, 그리스군은 배를 탈환하여 불을 껐다. 그러자 나머지 트로이아군도 당황하여 서둘러 도주했다. 아이아스와 메넬라오스와 네스토르의 두 아들은 가장 용감하게 싸웠다. 이 때문에 적장 헥토르는 부득이 말머리를 돌려 포위망으로부터 퇴각하지 않으면 안되었다. 그의 부하들은 도망치려고 구렁 속에서 허덕거렸다. 파트로클로스는 눈앞에 있는 적병을 쫓고 많은 자를 무찔렀으나 감히 그에게 저항하는 자가 없었다. 드디어 제우스의 아들인 사르페돈이 파트로클로스와 대전하게 되었다. 제우스는 그를 내려다 보았다. 그리고 그를 기다리고 있는 운명으로부터 구하려고 하였다. 그러나 헤라는 만약 제우스가 그런 짓을 하면 하늘에 있는 다른 신들도 그의 선례에 따라 자기들의 자손이 위태롭게 되면 간섭하게 되리라고 암시했다. 당연한 말이므로, 제우스는 이 말에 따랐다. 사르페돈은 창을 던졌으나, 파트로클로스를 맞히지 못했다. 그러나 파트로클로스가 던진 항은 사르페돈의 가슴을 꿰뚫어, 사르페돈은 쓰러졌다. 그리고 자기의 시체를 적의 손에 넘기지 말라고 친구들에게 호소하면서 절명했다. 그러자 그의 시체를 점유하려고 격렬한 전투가 벌어졌으나 결국 그리스군이 승리하여 그의 갑옷을 벗겼다. 제우스는 아들의 시체가 수모당하는 것을 보고만 있지 않았다. 그의 명령을 받은 아폴론이 병사들 속에서 사르페돈의 시체를 탈취하여 쌍둥이 형제인 <죽음>과 <잠>에게 보살피도록 맡겼다.그들에 의하여 시체는 사르페돈의 고항인 리키아로 이송되어 정중한 장례가 거행되었다. 이 정도까지는 파트로클로스도 생각대로 성공을 거두고 트로이아군을 물리치거나, 자기 편의 군세(軍勢)를 구하고 있었다. 그러나 이제 운명의 변화가 닥쳐왔다. 헥토르가 이륜전차를 타고 그에게 대항해 왔다. 파트로클로스는 헥토르를 향하여 커다란 돌을 던졌다. 돌은 겨냥이 잘못되어 말몰이인 케브리오네스에게 맞아 그를 이륜마차에서 굴러 떨어지게 하였다. 헥토르는 이 전우를 도우려고 자기의 승리를 완전한 것으로 하려고 했다. 이와 같이 하여 두 영웅은 서로 대치하였다. 이 결정적인 순간에 있어서 시인 호메로스는, 헥토르에게 승리의 영예를 주기 싫어하는 것같이 아폴론이 그의 편을 들어서 파트로클로스에게 대항했다고 기록하고 있다. 아폴론이 파트로클로스를 쳐서 머리에서 투구를 벗기고 손에서 창을 떨어뜨리게 하였다는 것이다. 동시에 무명의 한 트로이아 병사가 그의 등에 상처를 입히자, 헥토르가 돌진하여 창으로 찔렀는데 이때 파트로클로스는 치명상을 입고 쓰러졌다. | |||
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It was then that he exclaimed in those famous lines so often quoted, "Father of heaven and earth! deliver thou Or, as rendered by Pope,
"...Lord of earth and air! [see also: Murray prose translation: Bk XVII, 645]
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이때의 그의 외침은 유명한 구절로서 흔히 인용된다. | |||
Jupiter heard the prayer and dispersed the clouds. Then Ajax sent Antilochus to Achilles with the intelligence of Patroclus's death, and of the conflict raging for his remains. The Greeks at last succeeded in bearing off the body to the ships, closely pursued by Hector and AEneas and the rest of the Trojans. Achilles heard the fate of his friend with such distress that Antilochus feared for a while that he would destroy himself. His groans reached the ears of his mother, Thetis, far down in the deeps of ocean where she abode, and she hastened to him to inquire the cause. She found him overwhelmed with self-reproach that he had indulged his resentment so far, and suffered his friend to fall a victim to it. But his only consolation was the hope of revenge. He would fly instantly in search of Hector. But his mother reminded him that he was now without armour, and promised him, if he would but wait till the morrow, she would procure for him a suit of armour from Vulcan (Hephaestus) more than equal to that he had lost. He consented, and Thetis immediately repaired to Vulcan's palace. She found him busy at his forge making tripods for his own use, so artfully constructed that they moved forward of their own accord when wanted, and retired again when dismissed. on hearing the request of Thetis, Vulcan immediately laid aside his work and hastened to comply with her wishes. He fabricated a splendid suit of armour for Achilles, first a shield adorned with elaborate devices, then a helmet crested with gold, then a corselet and greaves of impenetrable temper, all perfectly adapted to his form, and of consummate workmanship. It was all done in one night, and Thetis, receiving it, descended with it to earth and laid it down at Achilles' feet at the dawn of day.
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제우스는 구름을 거둬들였다. 그제야 아이아스는 안틸로코스를 아킬레우스에게 파견하고 파트로클로스의 죽음과 그의 유해를 둘러싸고 격렬한 전쟁이 벌어졌다는 사실을 보고했다. 그리스군은 마침내 유해를 배 있는 곳으로 운반했는데, 뒤에서는 헥토르와 아이네이아스와 그밖의 트로이아군이 육박하여 추격했다. | |||
The first glow of pleasure that Achilles had felt since the death of Patroclus was at the sight of this splendid armour. And now, arrayed in it, he went forth into the camp, calling all the chiefs to council. When they were all assembled he addressed them. Renouncing his displeasure against Agamemnon and bitterly lamenting the miseries that had resulted from it, he called on them to proceed at once to the field. Agamemnon made a suitable reply, laying all the blame on Ate, the goddess of discord; and thereupon complete reconcilement took place between the heroes. Then Achilles went forth to battle inspired with a rage and thirst for vengeance that made him irresistible. The bravest warriors fled before him or fell by his lance. Hector, cautioned by Apollo, kept aloof; but the god, assuming the form of one of Priam's sons, Lycaon, urged AEneas to encounter the terrible warrior. AEneas, though he felt himself unequal, did not decline the combat. He hurled his spear with all his force against the shield, the work of Vulcan. It was formed of five metal plates; two were of brass, two of tin, and one of gold. The spear pierced two thicknesses, but was stopped in the third. Achilles threw his with better success. It pierced through the shield of AEneas, but glanced near his shoulder and made no wound. Then AEneas seized a stone, such as two men of modern times could hardly lift, and was about to throw it, and Achilles, with sword drawn, was about to rush upon him, when Neptune, who looked out upon the contest, moved with pity for AEneas, who he saw would surely fall a victim if not speedily rescued, spread a cloud between the combatants, and lifting AEneas from the ground, bore him over the heads of warriors and steeds to the rear of the battle. Achilles, when the mist cleared away, looked round in vain for his adversary, and acknowledging the prodigy, turned his arms against other champions. But none dared stand before him, and Priam looking down from the city walls beheld his whole army in full flight towards the city. He gave command to open wide the gates to receive the fugitives, and to shut them as soon as the Trojans should have passed, lest the enemy should enter likewise. But Achilles was so close in pursuit that that would have been impossible if Apollo had not, in the form of Agenor, Priam's son, encountered Achilles for a while, then turned to fly, and taken the way apart from the city. Achilles pursued and had chased his supposed victim far from the walls, when Apollo disclosed himself, and Achilles, perceiving how he had been deluded, gave up the chase.
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파트로클로스가 죽은 이래 아킬레우스가 느낀 최초의 기쁨은 이 훌륭한 갑옷을 대했을 때였다. 이제 그것을 입고 그는 진영으로 나아가 모든 무장들을 회의에 소집하였다. 그들은 빠짐없이 다 모였다. 그는 그들에게 아가멤논으로부터 연유한 여러 불행한 일을 통탄하면서 속히 싸움터로 나갈 것을 요구했다. 그는 이미 아가멤논에 대한 감정은 전혀 갖고 있지 않았다. 아가멤논은 모든 책임을 불화의 여신 아테나에게 돌려 적절한 대답을 했으므로, 두 영웅 사이에 완전한 화해가 성립되었다. | |||
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But when the rest had escaped into the town Hector stood without determined to await the combat. His old father called to him from the walls and begged him to retire nor tempt the encounter. His mother, Hecuba, also besought him to the same effect, but all in vain. "How can I," said he to himself, "by whose command the people went to this day's contest, where so many have fallen, seek safety for myself against a single foe? But what if I offer him to yield up Helen and all her treasures and ample of our own beside? Ah, no! it is too late. He would not even hear me through, but slay me while I spoke." While he thus ruminated, Achilles approached, terrible as Mars, his armour flashing lightning as he moved. At that sight Hector's heart failed him and he fled. Achilles swiftly pursued. They ran, still keeping near the walls, till they had thrice encircled the city. As often as Hector approached the walls Achilles intercepted him and forced him to keep out in a wider circle. But Apollo sustained Hector's strength and would not let him sink in weariness. Then Pallas, assuming the form of Deiphobus, Hector's bravest brother, appeared suddenly at his side. Hector saw him with delight, and thus strengthened stopped his flight and turned to meet Achilles. Hector threw his spear, which struck the shield of Achilles and bounded back. He. turned to receive another from the hand of Deiphobus, but Deiphobus was gone. Then Hector understood his doom and said, "Alas! it is plain this is my hour to die! I thought Deiphobus at hand, but Pallas deceived me, and he is still in Troy. But I will not fall inglorious." So saying he drew his falchion from his side and rushed at once to combat. Achilles, secure behind his shield, waited the approach of Hector. When he came within reach of his spear, Achilles choosing with his eye a vulnerable part where the armour leaves the neck uncovered, aimed his spear at that part and Hector fell, death-wounded, and feebly said, "Spare my body! Let my parents ransom it, and let me receive funeral rites from the sons and daughters of Troy." To which Achilles replied, "Dog, name not ransom nor pity to me, on whom you have brought such dire distress. No! trust me, nought shall save thy carcass from the dogs. Though twenty ransoms and thy weight in gold were offered, I would refuse it all." So saying he stripped the body of its armour, and fastening cords to the feet tied them behind his chariot, leaving the body to trail along the ground. Then mounting the chariot he lashed the steeds and so dragged the body to and fro before the city. What words can tell the grief of King Priam and Queen Hecuba at this sight! His people could scarce restrain the old king from rushing forth. He threw himself in the dust and besought them each by name to give him way. Hecuba's distress was not less violent. The citizens stood round them weeping. The sound of the mourning reached the ears of Andromache, the wife of Hector, as she sat among her maidens at work, and anticipating evil she went forth to the wall. When she saw the sight there presented, she would have thrown herself headlong from the wall, but fainted and fell into the arms of her maidens. Recovering, she bewailed her fate, picturing to herself her country ruined, herself a captive, and her son dependent for his bread on the charity of strangers.
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다른 사람들은 모두 섬 안으로 도피했는데 헥토르는 일전을 할 각오로 성 밖에서 기다리고 있었다. 그의 늙은 아버지는 성벽에서 그를 부르며 퇴각하여 적과의 충돌을 피하라고 애원했으며, 어머니 헤베도 똑 같은 말로 간청했으나 효과가 없었다. 헥토르는 혼자 중얼거렸다. | |||
When Achilles and the Greeks had taken their revenge on the killer of Patroclus they busied themselves in paying due funeral rites to their friend. A pile was erected, and the body burned with due solemnity; and then ensued games of strength and skill, chariot races, wrestling, boxing and archery. Then the chiefs sat down to the funeral banquet and after that retired to rest. But Achilles neither partook of the feast nor of sleep. The recollection of his lost friend kept him awake, remembering their companionship in toil and dangers, in battle or on the perilous deep. Before the earliest dawn he left his tent, and joining to his chariot his swift steeds, he fastened Hector's body to be dragged behind. Twice he dragged him round the tomb of Patroclus, leaving him at length stretched in the dust. But Apollo would not permit the body to be torn or disfigured with all this abuse, but preserved it free from all taint or defilement. |
아킬레우스와 그리스군이 파트로클로스를 죽인 자에 대해 원수를 갚은 후에 그들은 파트로클로스의 장례식을 준비하는 데 분망했다. 나무더미가 세워지고 시체는 엄숙히 화장되었다. 다음 역기와 기술의 경기가 거행되었다. 그것은 이륜전차 경주, 레슬링, 권투, 궁술 등이었다. 다음 무장들은 장례의 향연에 참석하지 않고 잠도 자지 않았다. 친구를 잃은 생각이 잠을 못이루게 했다. 전투와 위험한 대해에서, 그리고 얼마나 어려운 곤경과 위험한 경지에서 고생을 같이 하였던가! | |||
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While Achilles indulged his wrath in thus disgracing brave Hector, Jupiter in pity summoned Thetis to his presence. He told her to go to her son and prevail on him to restore the body of Hector to his friends. Then Jupiter sent Iris to King Priam to encourage him to go to Achilles and beg the body of his son. Iris delivered her message, and Priam immediately prepared to obey. He opened his treasuries and took out rich garments and cloths, with ten talents in gold and two splendid tripods and a golden cup of matchless workmanship. Then he called to his sons and bade them draw forth his litter and place in it the various articles designed for a ransom to Achilles. When all was ready, the old king with a single companion as aged as himself, the herald Idaeus, drove forth from the gates, parting there with Hecuba, his queen, and all his friends, who lamented him as going to certain death. |
아킬레우스가 이와 같이 용감한 헥토르를 모독함으로써 분노를 품고 있는 동안에 제우스는 불쌍히 여겨 테튀스를 불렀다. 그는 그녀에게 아들한테로 가서 헥토르의 시체를 트로이아군에게 반환토록 설득하라고 분부했다. 그리고 제우스는 무지개의 여신을 프리아모스 왕에게 파견하여, 용기를 내어 아킬레우스한테 가서 그의 아들의 시체를 반환할 것을 요청하라고 일렀다. 무지개의 여신이 말을 전하자, 프리아모스는 이에 복종할 준비를 했다. | |||
But Jupiter, beholding with compassion the venerable king, sent Mercury (Hermes) to be his guide and protector. Mercury, assuming the form of a young warrior, presented himself to the aged couple, and while at the sight of him they hesitated whether to fly or yield, the god approached, and grasping Priam's hand offered to be their guide to Achilles' tent. Priam gladly accepted his offered service, and he, mounting the carriage, assumed the reins and soon conveyed them to the tent of Achilles. Mercury's wand put to sleep all the guards, and without hindrance he introduced Priam into the tent where Achilles sat, attended by two of his warriors. The old king threw himself at the feet of Achilles, and kissed those terrible hands which had destroyed so many of his sons. "Think, O Achilles," he said, "of thy own father, full of days like me, and trembling on the gloomy verge of life. Perhaps even now some neighbour chief oppresses him and there is none at hand to succour him in his distress. Yet doubtless knowing that Achilles lives he still rejoices, hoping that one day he shall see thy face again. But no comfort cheers me, whose bravest sons, so late the flower of Ilium, all have fallen. Yet one I had, one more than all the rest the strength of my age, whom, fighting for his country, thou hast slain. I come to redeem his body, bringing inestimable ransom with me. Achilles! reverence the gods! recollect thy father! for his sake show compassion to me!" These words moved Achilles, and he wept remembering by turns his absent father and his lost friend. Moved with pity of Priam's silver locks and beard, he raised him from the earth, and thus spake: "Priam, I know that thou hast reached this place conducted by some god, for without aid divine no mortal even in his prime of youth had dared the attempt. I grant thy request, moved thereto by the evident will of Jove." So saying he arose, and went forth with his two friends, and unloaded of its charge the litter, leaving two mantles and a robe for the covering of the body, which they placed on the litter, and spread the garments over it, that not unveiled it should be borne back to Troy. Then Achilles dismissed the old king with his attendants, having first pledged himself to allow a truce of twelve days for the funeral solemnities. |
그러나 제우스는 이 노왕(老王)의 모습을 보고 불쌍히 여겨, 헤르메스를 그의 안내자 겸 보호자로 파견했다. 페르메스는 젊은 무장의 모습으로 분장하고 두 늙은이 앞에 나타났다. | |||
As the litter approached the city and was descried from the walls, the people poured forth to gaze once more on the face of their hero. Foremost of all, the mother and the wife of Hector came, and at the sight of the lifeless body renewed their lamentations. The people all wept with them, and to the going down of the sun there was no pause or abatement of their grief. The next day preparations were made for the funeral solemnities. For nine days the people brought wood and built the pile, and on the tenth they placed the body on the summit and applied the torch; while all Troy thronging forth encompassed the pile. When it had completely burned, they quenched the cinders with wine, collected the bones and placed them in a golden urn, which they buried in the earth, and reared a pile of stones over the spot.
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마차가 성내에 가까워지자, 멀리 성에서 이를 바라보던 군중은 영웅의 얼굴을 다시 한번 보려고 몰려 나왔다.헥토르의 어머니와 아내가 제일 먼저 와서 시체에 다가가자, 새로운 비탄의눈물이 흘러 넘쳤다. 군중들은 그들과 같이 울었고 해가 질 때까지 울음소리는 그치지 않았다. 이윽고 날이 새자, 장례 준비가 시작되었다. 9일 동안 사람들은 나무를 가지고 와서 화장단(火葬壇)을 쌓았다. 그리고 열흘 만에 그 위에 시체를 놓고 불을 댕겼다. 트로이아 군중들은 몰려나와서 화장단을 둘러쌌다. 나무가 다 타버리자 그들은 남은 불덩이에 물을 뿌려 끄고 유골을 모아 황금 항아리 속에 넣은 후에, 땅 속에 묻고 그 위에 돌로 분(墳)을 쌓아 놓았다. |
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